Brain injuries are frequently resulting in physical disabilities due to inadequate axonal regeneration.This review discusses the role of calcium binding proteins in axonal regeneration,and elucidates the potential usage of novel invertebrate calcium binding proteins in promoting axonal regeneration of mammalian central neurons. Brain injuries are frequently resulting in physical disabilities due to inadequate axonal regeneration. This review discusses the role of calcium binding proteins in axonal regeneration, and elucidates the potential usage of novel invertebrate calcium binding proteins in promoting axonal regeneration of mammalian central neurons.