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目的:探讨抑郁症患者童年期创伤与攻击行为之间的关系，以及自尊在童年期创伤和攻击行为间的中介作用。方法:采用Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版(Chinese version of the Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire，AQ-CV)、自尊量表(self-esteem scale，SES)对241例伴有童年期创伤的抑郁症患者进行问卷调查，采用SPSS 23.0和AMOS 24.0软件进行统计分析，用Pearson相关分析考察童年期创伤、攻击行为、自尊的相关性，用Bootstrap法检验自尊在童年期创伤与攻击行为间的中介作用。结果:抑郁症患者的攻击问卷总分(48.81±18.81)分，自尊总分(24.91±5.29)分，童年期创伤总分(53.87±10.43)分。自尊与攻击行为、童年期创伤呈负相关(n r＝－0.45，－0.24，n P<0.01)，童年期创伤与攻击行为呈正相关(n r＝0.42，n P<0.01)。童年期创伤对攻击的直接效应为0.438(95%n CI：0.305，0.579)，自尊在抑郁症患者童年期创伤与攻击行为间部分中介效应值为0.161(95%n CI：0.080，0.256)，中介效应占总效应的26.9%。n 结论:抑郁症患者自尊在童年期创伤和攻击行为间起部分中介作用；童年期创伤可以直接和通过自尊的部分中介作用影响攻击行为。“,”Objective:To explore the relationship between childhood trauma and aggressive behavior in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD), and the mediating role of self-esteem in childhood trauma and aggression.Methods:A total of 241 MDD patients with childhood trauma were investigated by Chinese version of the Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire(AQ-CV) and self-esteem scale (SES). Data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 24.0.Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation of childhood trauma, aggressive behavior and self-esteem.The Bootstrap method was applied to test the mediating effect of self-esteem between childhood trauma and aggressive behavior.Results:The total score of attack questionnaire, self-esteem and childhood trauma were (48.81±18.81), (24.91±5.29)and(53.87±10.43), respectively. Self-esteem of MDD patients was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior and childhood trauma (n r=-0.45, -0.24, n P<0.01). Childhood trauma was positively correlated with aggressive behavior (n r=0.42, n P<0.01). The direct effect of childhood trauma on aggressive behavior was 0.438(95%n CI: 0.305, 0.579). Self-esteem played a partly mediating effect between childhood trauma and aggressive behavior, and the mediating effect value was 0.161 (95%n CI: 0.080, 0.256), accounted for 26.9% of the total effect.n Conclusion:Self-esteem plays a partly mediating role between childhood trauma and aggressive behavior.Childhood trauma can directly and through the part of mediating role of self-esteem affect aggressive behavior.