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目的调查学龄前儿童超重肥胖情况,分析其相关影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取北京市朝阳区东坝乡2所幼儿园中3~6岁的学龄前儿童为研究对象,对其家长进行问卷调查。使用Epi Data3.1软件建立数据库,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用(xˉ±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料以率表示,比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共发放调查问卷420份,回收400份,回收率为95.2%;其中有效问卷393份,有效率98.3%。超重肥胖的总检出率为42.49%,男童、女童的超重肥胖总检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.46,P>0.05)。不同性别超重肥胖儿童年龄、出生体质量、家庭经济条件、家人及环境支持情况未见明显差异(P均>0.05)。与超重肥胖儿童比较,正常体质量儿童的进食速度慢,饮料摄入总量、纯果汁摄入总量少,家庭经济条件、环境支持情况好;两者比较,P均<0.05。结论学龄前儿童超重肥胖检出率较高,饮食、家庭经济情况、家人及环境支持情况其影响因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children and analyze the related factors. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select preschoolers aged 3 ~ 6 years old from 2 kindergartens in Dongba Township, Chaoyang District, Beijing as subjects, and their parents were surveyed. Using Epi Data3.1 software to establish a database, using SPSS 16.0 software for statistical analysis. Measurement data using (xˉ ± s) that the comparison using t test; count data to rate, compared with the χ2 test. P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 420 questionnaires were sent out and 400 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 95.2%. Among them, 393 were valid and the effective rate was 98.3%. The overall detection rate of overweight and obesity was 42.49%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between boys and girls (χ2 = 3.46, P> 0.05). There were no significant differences in age, birth weight, family economic conditions, family and environmental support among overweight and obese children of different genders (all P> 0.05). Compared with overweight and obese children, children with normal body weight had slower food intake, total beverage intake, less total pure juice intake, better family economic conditions and better environmental support. P <0.05 was found between the two groups. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children is higher than that in diet, family economics, family and environmental support.