目的观察早产儿解服服原体(UU)感染情况及阿奇霉素治疗的疗效。方法 56例UU感染患儿,随机分为治疗组30例和对照组26例,对照组给予抗感染、营养支持、呼吸支持、早产儿系统管理,治疗组在对照组基础上给予阿奇霉素治疗,分别行白细胞计数(WBC)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)的检测,同时比较两组患儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)、新生儿持续性肺动脉高压(PPHN)及早产儿视网膜病(ROP)发病率,用氧时间及住院时间。结果和对照组相比,治疗组治疗14d后WBC、IL-6及IL-8呈下降趋势,BPD发生率降低,同时缩短了用氧时间及住院时间(P<0.05)。结论 UU感染早产儿,应给予早期诊断和应用阿奇霉素治疗,可缩短吸氧及住院时间,值得临床推广。 Objective To observe the status of untreated premature infant (UU) infection and the effect of azithromycin. Methods Fifty-six children with UU infection were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 30) and control group (n = 26). The control group was given anti-infection, nutritional support, respiratory support and preterm infant system management. The treatment group was given azithromycin on the basis of the control group (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured in patients with bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), duration of oxygen use, and length of stay. Results Compared with the control group, the WBC, IL-6 and IL-8 levels of the treatment group decreased after treatment for 14 days, and the incidence of BPD decreased, meanwhile, the oxygen consumption time and hospitalization time were shortened (P <0.05). Conclusion UU infection in premature children should be given early diagnosis and application of azithromycin treatment, can shorten the oxygen and hospital stay, worthy of clinical promotion.