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随着冷战结束和世界经济一体化,科学和技术的“竞技场”发生了巨大的变化,主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)国家安全的概念已经改变,由过去的以国家军事安全为重点转变为以国家经济安全和国家基础设施(以信息网络为主)安全为重点;(2)全球经济竞争愈演愈烈,经济实力和创新(Innovation)能力成为国家竞争力的关键所在;(3)世界经济正转向以基于知识经济为主导的新模式,知识和技术对经济增长的贡献已经大大超过资金、劳力和自然资源的贡献之和,成为最主要的经济要素,经济的增长比以前任何时候都更加依靠技术的进步;(4)研究与开发活动的国际化和全球化更加广泛和深入,技术、人才和资金在国际间的流动加剧,全球变成了一个大“竞技场”。在这个全球竞
With the end of the Cold War and the integration of the world economy, tremendous changes have taken place in the “arena” of science and technology, mainly in the following aspects: (1) The concept of national security has changed from the past, (2) The global economic competition is intensifying day by day, and the economic strength and innovation ability are the keys to the competitiveness of the country. (3) The focus of security is to focus on the security of national economy and the national infrastructure (mainly information network) ) The world economy is turning to a new model based on a knowledge-based economy. The contribution of knowledge and technology to economic growth has greatly exceeded the contribution of capital, labor and natural resources and has become the most important economic element. The economic growth has risen more than any other (4) The internationalization and globalization of research and development activities are more extensive and in-depth, and the flow of technology, talents and funds in the world is intensifying. As a result, the world has become a big “arena” . In this global competition