神经和激素对细胞代谢的调节机能主要是通过控制蛋白激酶和(或)蛋白磷酸酶(proteinphosphatase,PrP)的活性,使代谢途径中的调节酶发生可逆磷酸化。生物合成途径中的限速酶,如糖原合成酶、乙酰CoA羧化酶和HMG-CoA还原酶等在蛋白激酶作用下活性降低,而PrP则将这些酶重新激活。反之,磷酸化激活生物降解途径中的限速酶,如糖原磷酸化酶和甘油三酯脂酶等,则脱磷酸又使其失去活性。 The regulatory function of nerves and hormones on cellular metabolism is mainly due to the reversible phosphorylation of regulatory enzymes in the metabolic pathway by controlling the activity of protein kinases and / or protein phosphatases (PrP). Rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, such as glycogen synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and HMG-CoA reductase, are reduced in activity by protein kinases, whereas PrP reactivates these enzymes. Conversely, phosphorylation activates rate-limiting enzymes in the biodegradation pathway, such as glycogen phosphorylase and triglyceride lipase, which in turn deactivate them.