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目的了解广东省长沙湾牡蛎养殖区水质卫生状况,并探讨海水中粪大肠菌群(FCB)与主要理化指标间的关系。方法 2013年11月至2014年10月在广东长沙湾牡蛎养殖区选取5个养殖点,并逐月采集养殖海水,参照GB 17378.4—2007《海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析》测定水体水温、pH、盐度、浊度及溶解氧5个理化指标;采用GB 17378.7—2007《海洋监测规范第7部分:近海污染生态调查和生物监测》中的多管发酵法检测水中的FCB。结果 2013年11月至2014年10月间在长沙湾牡蛎养殖水域共调查5个采样点,各点分别采集养殖水12份,共检测60份水样。长沙湾牡蛎养殖区海水中FCB检测范围为10~1.26×106MPN/L,总体均值3.8×103MPN/L;水中FCB检出59份,检出率为98.3%(59/60);超标36份,总超标率为60.0%(36/60)。径口、亚洲、长洲、辰洲、新村养殖点海水中FCB超标率分别为25.0%、25.0%、66.7%、83.3%、100.0%。不同养殖点间FCB超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。调查期间养殖点海水中FCB均值总体表现为秋冬季低(198~10 002 MPN/L)、春夏季高(501~113 783 MPN/L)的特征,但不同月份各养殖点水中FCB超标率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调查期间养殖区水温为13.1~32.5℃;pH为6.8~9.2;盐度为0.1‰~24.9‰;浊度为7.0~140.0 NTU;溶解氧含量范围为2.9~12.5mg/L。不同月份养殖水水温、pH、盐度、浊度间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。养殖水中FCB与浊度(r=0.425)呈正相关关系;与盐度、溶解氧呈负相关关系(r=-0.266、-0.505)。结论长沙湾牡蛎养殖区海水中FCB超标率较高,建议加强沿岸污水排放的管理;盐度、浊度、溶解氧对长沙湾牡蛎养殖海水中FCB数量具有一定影响。
Objective To understand the sanitary status of oyster aquaculture district in Changsha Bay of Guangdong Province and to explore the relationship between fecal coliform bacteria (SEB) and the main physical and chemical indexes in seawater. Methods From November 2013 to October 2014, five breeding sites were selected in the oyster culture area of Cheung Sha Wan, Guangdong Province, and aquaculture seawater was collected monthly. The water temperature was determined according to GB 17378.4-2007 “Part 4 of Marine Monitoring Code: Sea Water Analysis” pH, salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen 5 physical and chemical indicators; using GB 17378.7-2007 “Marine monitoring code Part 7: Offshore Pollution Ecological Surveys and biological monitoring” in the multi-tube fermentation method for the detection of FCB in water. Results From November 2013 to October 2014, a total of 5 sampling points were surveyed in the oyster aquaculture waters of Cheungsha Wan. Twelve samples of aquaculture water were collected from each spot, and 60 water samples were collected. The range of FCB detection was 10 ~ 1.26 × 106 MPN / L in sea water of Changsha Bay oyster culture area with a total average of 3.8 × 103 MPN / L. The detection rate of FCB was 59.3% (59/60) The total over-standard rate was 60.0% (36/60). The overweight rates of FCB in seawater of aquaculture water of point mouth, Asia, Cheung Chau, Chen Chau and Xin Village were 25.0%, 25.0%, 66.7%, 83.3% and 100.0% respectively. The differences of FCB over-standard rates between different breeding sites were statistically significant (P <0.01). During the survey period, the average FCB mean value of seawater at breeding point showed the characteristics of low (198-10002 MPN / L) in autumn and winter and high (501-113 783 MPN / L) in spring and summer, No statistical significance (P> 0.05). During the investigation, the water temperature in the aquaculture zone was 13.1-32.5 ℃; the pH was 6.8-9.2; the salinity was 0.1 ‰ -24.9 ‰; the turbidity was 7.0-140.0 NTU; and the dissolved oxygen content was 2.9-12.5 mg / L. The differences of water temperature, pH, salinity and turbidity in different months were statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between FCB and turbidity (r = 0.425) in culture water and a negative correlation with salinity and dissolved oxygen (r = -0.266, -0.505). Conclusion The over-standard excess of FCB in seawater of oyster aquaculture area in Changsha Bay is high, suggesting that the management of coastal wastewater discharge should be strengthened. The effects of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen on the amount of FCB in oyster aquaculture in Changsha Bay are affected.