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目的 分析湖北省某县中学生性侵犯发生情况及其影响因素,为制定儿童性侵犯预防策略提供科学依据.方法 于2016年3月采用分层整群抽样方法抽取某县1 476名中学生进行问卷调查,收集学生对儿童性侵犯的认知以及性侵犯发生情况,应用x2检验和多因素logistic回归进行统计分析.结果 在1 476名应答者中遭受本研究所提及的6种形式中的任意一种性侵犯的比例为20.7％,其中男生和女生报告的比例分别为27.4％和13.7％,差异有统计学意义(x2=42.008,P=0.000).多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=0.421)是儿童遭受性侵犯的保护因素;父亲外出半年以上(OR=1.510)、高中生(OR=1.961)、对儿童性侵犯有足够认知的学生(OR=1.332)是儿童遭受性侵犯的危险因素.结论 该县中学生性侵犯发生率较高,男生遭受性侵犯的比例高于女生;父亲外出半年以上、高中生、对儿童性侵犯知识有足够认知是儿童遭受性侵犯的危险因素.“,”Objective To analyze the incidence and influencing factors of child sexual abuse among middle school students in a county of Hubei province and to provide evidences for the prevention of child sexual abuse.Methods Information about cognition and incidence of child sexual abuse were collected from 1 476 middle school students selected with stratified cluster sampling via a questionnaire survey during March 2016.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were adopted in data analyses.Results Six forms of sexual abuse were reported in the study.Of all the respondents,20.7％ had encountered one or multiple forms of sexual abuse and the proportion was significantly higher among male respondents than among female respondents (27.4％ vs.13.7％) (x2 =42.008,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio [OR] =0.421) was a protective factor against child sexual abuse;with a father having migrated more than 6 months (OR =1.510),being a senior high school student (OR =1.961),and having adequate awareness about child sexual abuse (OR =1.332) were risk factors of child sexual abuse victimization.Conclusion The incidence of child sexual abuse is relatively high among middle school students in a county of Hubei province,especially among the boy students;with a father having migrated more than 6 months,being a senior high school student,and having adequate awareness about child sexual abuse are risk factors of child sexual abuse victimization among the students.