目的 :提供以旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支骨膜瓣转位治疗股骨颈骨折、股骨头缺血性坏死和股骨干中下段骨不连的解剖学基础。方法 :在 3 2侧灌注红色乳胶的成人标本上 ,对旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支的起始走行、分支分布进行解剖学观测 ;2侧新鲜标本注入墨汁观察骨膜支的供血范围。结果 :88%的降支发自旋股外侧动脉 ,其骨膜支于降支起始 4.0± 1.1cm处发出 ,外径 1.2± 0 .5mm ,长 7.1± 1.8cm ,经股内侧肌与股中间肌之间或穿股中间肌 ,分布于股骨中上段前内侧骨膜。结论 :以旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支为蒂的骨膜瓣 ,可顺行修复股骨头颈骨折 ,逆行修复股骨中下段骨不连、股骨头缺血性坏死。 Objective: To provide an anatomical basis for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and nonunion of the middle and distal femoral shaft with the transposition of the lateral femoral periostitis branch of the spinous process. Methods: Anatomical observation of the periarterial branch and branch distribution of the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery was carried out on 3 2 sides of the red latex injected adult specimens. The fresh periosteal material was injected into the 2 sides to observe the blood supply of the periosteal branch. Results: 88% of the descending branch of the spinous femoral artery, the periosteal branch at the beginning of descending branch 4.0 ± 1.1cm Department issued outside diameter 1.2 ± 0.5mm, length 7.1 ± 1.8cm, by the medial femoral muscle and the middle of the stock Between the muscles or wears the middle muscle, located in the medial upper femur medial periosteum. CONCLUSION: The periosteal flap pedicled with the descending periosteal branch of spinous process can repair the head and neck fractures of the femoral head and reversely repair the middle and distal femoral nonunion and avascular necrosis of the femoral head.