一、绪言有关时效析出型铝合金的研究已有较长的历史,迄今为止,许多合金系中析出物的构造及其形成过程已详细地研究过了。有关这方面的综述性文章更是屡见不鲜。然而,有关应力时效的研究还不多,也尚未见到这方面的综述性文章。其原因也许在于此领域较窄,或者是没有什么实用价值。但是从表面上看,这么说则是不公平的。从宏观角度看,时效析出向题是在热力学基础上进行讨论的。在热力学的特性函数 I. INTRODUCTION There has been a long history of the research on aging-precipitated aluminum alloys. So far, the structure and formation of precipitates in many alloy systems have been studied in detail. It is not uncommon to find a comprehensive article in this area. However, there is not much research on stress aging and no comprehensive review on this aspect yet. The reason may be that the field is narrower, or is of no practical value. But on the surface, it is not fair to say so. From a macroscopic perspective, the problem of aging precipitation is discussed on the basis of thermodynamics. The thermodynamic properties of the function