目的:总结小儿双供肾移植临床应用数据和经验，探讨改善其移植术后疗效的措施。方法:回顾性分析2014年9月至2019年11月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院38例小儿双供肾移植资料，小儿供者年龄(63.6±5.7)d，体重(4.1±0.2)kg，受者年龄(28.1±1.4)岁，体重(48.7±4.9)kg。收集供、受者基本情况与术前检查结果，采集受者术前和术后7、30 d及3、6、12个月的血肌酐水平，记录肾移植术后血栓、尿漏、移植肾功能延迟性恢复、蛋白尿、移植肾周血肿等并发症的发生情况与治疗预后。结果:术后1年移植物存活率为76.3%(29/38)，移植受者存活率100%(38/38)，移植物长期存活的29例受者中，手术2周后均无须透析辅助治疗，术后1年血肌酐水平均降至正常。血栓是最主要的术后并发症。肾动、静脉血栓形成导致肾功能丧失发生率18.4%(7/38)，余并发症还包括尿漏20.7%(6/29)、移植肾周血肿6.9%(2/29)、原发性移植肾无功能2.6%(1/38)等。结论:小儿供肾作为扩大供肾来源的有效方式，临床应用是可行的。“,”Objective:To summarize the clinical experiences of pediatric en-bloc kidney transplantation (EBKT) at a single center and explore the measures of improving its efficacy.Methods:Clinical data and outcomes retrospectively analyzed for 38 EBKT children between September 2014 and November 2019 from Department of Urology Affiliated Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science & Technology. The pediatric donors were aged (63.6±5.7) days with a weight of (4.1±0.2) kg. And the transplant recipients were aged (28.1±1.4) years with a weight of (48.7±4.9) kg. Serum levels of creatinine and basic profiles of both donors and recipients were recorded at Day 0/7/30/90/80/360 post-EBKT. The postoperative occurrences of such complications such as thrombosis, urine leakage, delayed graft function (DGF), proteinuria and hematoma were measured.Results:The one-year graft survival rate was 76.3%(29/38) and the recipient survival rate 100.0%(38/38). Among 29 recipients with long-term graft survival, no dialysis was required at Week 2 post-EBKT and the serum level of creatinine dropped to normal at Year 1. Thrombosis was a major post-EBKT complication with an incidence of 18.4%(7/38). The other complications included urine leakage (20.7%, 6/29), hematoma (6.9%, 2/29) and primary non-functioning kidney (2.6%, 1/38).Conclusions:As an effective way of expanding the pool of donors, pediatric EBKT is clinically feasible.