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在目前竞争日益激烈,变化日新月异的外部环境下,一个企业的组织学习能力已成为其能否生存的必备条件之一。但关于组织学习的文献大多都局限在发达国家中的一些大型企业。而即便在西方与日本,对于组织学习的定义存在着明显的分歧。中国作为世界上最大的制造业和服务提供国,受到了越来越多的关注,理解中国企业中组织学习活动已经成为研究组织学习和创新能力之间关系的一个新起点。本研究通过案例调查对不同行业典型企业的中高层管理人员进行访谈,得出一系列中国企业有关组织学习和创新能力的特征。研究发现中国企业组织学习的内涵在于将组织管理者推向一个更为重要的位置,更重视管理者知识与能力的获取对于企业竞争优势与创新能力的贡献。这既不同于西方发达国家普遍认为组织学习在于个体知识的获取,也不同于日本把整个组织内的知识获取和共享置于重要地位。这个视角的研究能够丰富我们对全球范围内不同文化背景下组织学习的理解,也可以成为对传统占主导地位的西方和日本模式的有益补充。
Under the current increasingly competitive and rapidly changing external environment, the organizational learning ability of an enterprise has become one of the prerequisites for its survival. However, most of the literature on organizational learning is confined to some large enterprises in developed countries. And even in the West and Japan, there is a clear disagreement about the definition of organizational learning. As the largest manufacturing and service provider in the world, China has drawn more and more attention. Understanding the organizational learning activities in Chinese enterprises has become a new starting point for studying the relationship between organizational learning and innovation. Through case studies, this study interviewed senior and middle managers of typical enterprises in different industries and obtained a series of characteristics about Chinese enterprises’ learning and innovation ability. The study finds that the connotation of organizational learning in Chinese enterprises lies in pushing the organizers to a more important position and paying more attention to the contribution of managers’ knowledge and ability to the competitive advantages and innovative capabilities of the enterprises. This is different from the common belief among western developed countries that organizational learning rests on the acquisition of individual knowledge and on the importance of Japan in gaining and sharing knowledge across the entire organization. This perspective can enrich our understanding of organizational learning in different cultural backgrounds around the world and can be a useful complement to the traditional Western and Japanese models that dominate.