普通话:即以北京语音为标准音、以北方话为基础方言、以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范的现代汉民族共同语。在历史的发展过程中,特别是近几百年来白话文学和“官话”的传播,使其规范逐渐明确,影响日益扩大。普通话不等于北方话或北京话,因为它还吸收其他方言中的成分,比任何方言更丰富、更完善。 Putonghua: that is, the standard pronunciation of Beijing Voice, the North dialect as the basis for the dialect, a model of modern vernacular Chinese as a grammar norms of the Han language common language. In the process of historical development, especially in the past few hundred years, the spread of vernacular literature and “official language” made its norms gradually clear and its influence expanded. Putonghua is not equal to the North dialect or Beijing dialect, because it also absorbs the composition of other dialects, more than any dialect richer and more perfect.