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美国联邦储备委员会主席阿兰·格林斯潘在谈到美国经济增长时曾说过,美国的GDP(国内生产总值)变轻了。美国的GDP比50年前增加了5倍,但GDP的物质重量比50年前却多不了多少。GDP变轻反映了经济增长的重要特征。GDP变轻的一个原因是劳务占GDP的比例越来越大。以美国而言,劳务的产值已占到GDP的3/4以上,其他发达国家这一比例也在2/3以上。在经济增长过程中,最早是第一产业(广义的农业)占的比例大。随着产业革命的发生和发展,第二产业(制造业)逐渐成为GDP的主要构成部分。随着经济的进一步发展,第二产业一统天下的地位又逐渐被第三产业(服务业)所动摇。尽管现在还有第四产业(信息产业)之说,但在经济学家看来,它仍属于第三产业的延伸。判断经济发展水平的标志之一就是劳务在GDP中所占的比例。劳务附加值相当大,但几乎没有重量。所以,劳务迅速增加的结果肯定是GDP变轻。GDP变轻的另一个原因是物质产品变轻了。同样的一座楼,用钢筋水泥和用新型建筑材料重量肯定是不一样的。人们常用“傻大黑粗”来形容某些产品,同样的产品变得“精小白细”时不仅性能提高了,而且重量也轻得多。
When Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal Reserve, talked about U.S. economic growth, he said that the U.S. GDP (gross domestic product) has been reduced. The GDP of the United States has increased five-fold from 50 years ago, but the material weight of GDP is not much more than it was 50 years ago. Lightening GDP reflects the important features of economic growth. One of the reasons for the GDP to become lighter is that the ratio of labor to GDP is growing. In the United States, the labor output value has accounted for more than 3/4 of GDP, other developed countries this ratio is also 2/3 above. In the process of economic growth, the earliest is the proportion of primary industry (broad sense of agriculture). With the occurrence and development of the industrial revolution, the secondary industry (manufacturing industry) has gradually become a major component of GDP. With further economic development, the position of the second industry in the world dominated by the tertiary industry was gradually shaken by the tertiary industry (service industry). Although there is still the fourth industry (information industry), economists think it still belongs to the extension of the tertiary industry. One of the hallmarks of judging the level of economic development is the share of labor in GDP. Labor added value is quite large, but almost no weight. Therefore, the result of the rapid increase in labor supply is certainly GDP becoming lighter. Another reason for the GDP to become lighter is that the material product is lighter. The same building, with reinforced concrete and the weight of new building materials is certainly not the same. People often use “silvery black ” to describe some products, the same product becomes “fine white ” not only improved performance, but also much lighter weight.