感染后闭塞性细支气管炎(post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans，PIBO)是一种相对少见的、严重的、以不可逆小气道纤维化为特征的慢性肺疾病。下呼吸道感染是儿童发生PIBO最常见的原因，其主要临床特点是急性细支气管炎控制后出现反复或持续咳嗽、喘息、气促、运动不耐受、低氧、肺部湿啰音，并持续6周以上。临床诊断主要依赖临床表现、肺功能和高分辨率CT检查。目前尚无统一治疗标准，以经验治疗为主。大多数患儿预后不良，少部分患儿可通过早期诊断及干预取得较好的疗效。“,”Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans(PIBO) is a rare serious chronic lung disease characterized by irreversible small airway fibrosis.Lower respiratory infections are the most common causes in children.Its major clinical characteristics are recurrent or persistent cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, hypoxia, crackles, and persistent for above 6 weeks.Clinical diagnosis mainly depends on clinical manifestations, lung function and high-resolution CT examination.At present, there is no unified standard of treatment, mainly empirical treatment.Most of the children have a poor prognosis, and a small number of children can achieve good results through early diagnosis and intervention.