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17世纪中叶以后,首先在英国,然后在法国,资本主义工场手工业逐渐发展成为工业生产的主要形式。为了从理论上论证资本主义生产的优越性,说明资本主义生产、分配的规律,在英、法产生了以斯密、萨伊和李嘉图为主要代表的资产阶级“古典政治经济学”。与重商主义注重国家、宏观经济理论与政策研究不同,斯密经济学主要研究个人与世界财富增值的原因与途径,这一思想集中体现在他于1776年发表的《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(简称《国富论》)一书中。该书的基本理念即经济自
After the mid-17th century, first in the United Kingdom and then in France, the handicraft industry in the capitalist workshop gradually developed into a major form of industrial production. In order to theoretically demonstrate the superiority of capitalist production and illustrate the law of capitalist production and distribution, the bourgeoisie “classical political economy”, mainly represented by Smith, Say, and Ricardo, has been produced in Britain and France. Unlike mercantilism, which focuses on the state and macroeconomic theory and policy research, Smith’s economics focuses mainly on the causes and ways of increasing personal and world wealth. This idea is embodied in his article entitled “The Nature and Causes of National Wealth in 1776 Research ”(referred to as“ Wealth of Nations ”) in a book. The basic idea of the book is economic self