论文部分内容阅读
肿瘤免疫学是近十年来医学界最活跃的领域。免疫学对泌尿生殖系肿瘤的重要性至少有两个方面。(1)许多证据表明肿瘤的起源和归宿与人体免疫系统密切相关。若能确定宿主对肿瘤的免疫反应性,就能加深对肿瘤的了解并改善肿瘤的治疗。(2)应用具有高度特异性和敏感性的免疫学技术(放射免疫测定等),测定肿瘤相关物质,有利于早期诊断、治疗病人和早期发现肿瘤的复发。已经知道膀胱癌存在肿瘤特异抗原,因此,膀胱癌一直是免疫学研究最广泛的泌尿生殖系肿瘤。现仅就膀胱癌的免疫生物学、肿瘤标记和免疫疗法三个方面,将主要文献综述如下:
Tumor immunology is the most active field in the medical field in the past decade. Immunology on genitourinary tumors in at least two aspects. (1) There is a lot of evidence that the origin and fate of tumors are closely related to the immune system of the human body. If the host can determine the immune response to the tumor, it can deepen the understanding of the tumor and improve the treatment of the tumor. (2) The use of highly specific and sensitive immunological techniques (radioimmunoassay, etc.) for the determination of tumor-associated substances facilitates early diagnosis, treatment of patients and early detection of tumor recurrence. It is known that bladder cancer has tumor-specific antigens. Therefore, bladder cancer has been the most widely studied genitourinary tumor in immunology. Now only on the three aspects of immune biology of bladder cancer, tumor markers and immunotherapy, the main literature is summarized as follows: