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目的了解安徽省流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为做好流脑防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学调查及临床、实验室检测。结果安徽省自2003年起流脑发病增多,2004~2005年度全省报告流脑235例,发病率0.37/10万,病死率8.09%;分布在全省60.0%的县,主要集中在皖南和江淮地区;有明显的冬春季发病高峰,1~4月病例数占总病例数的84.3%;13~18岁、7~12岁病例数分别占总病例数的42.6%和16.6%;全省有6个市发生7起聚集性流脑疫情,其中6起发生在学校;流行菌群发生变迁,以C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌为主。结论应采取以接种脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗为主的综合性预防措施,同时开展流脑病例监测、流脑带菌率监测和流脑抗体水平监测。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Anhui Province and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of meningitis. Methods Epidemiological survey and clinical, laboratory tests. Results In Anhui Province, the incidence of meningitis increased from 2003 to 2003, with 235 cases of meningitis in the whole province from 2004 to 2005, with an incidence of 0.37 / 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 8.09%. It was distributed in 60.0% of counties in the province, Jianghuai region. There was a clear peak incidence in winter and spring, accounting for 84.3% of the total number of cases from January to April. The number of cases ranging from 13 to 18 years old and 7 to 12 years old accounted for 42.6% and 16.6% of the total number of cases respectively. Seven outbreaks of communicable meningitis occurred in 6 municipalities, of which 6 occurred in schools; the prevalence of the disease changed to mainly Neisseria C group M. meningitidis. Conclusions Comprehensive preventive measures should be taken to inoculate meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. At the same time, the surveillance of meningococcal meningitis cases, meningococcal infection rate and meningococcal antibody level should be carried out.