为了探讨机械定位深施超级稻专用肥对提高土壤肥力和超级稻产量的作用,采用大田试验,调查研究了机械定位深施超级稻专用肥900 kg/hm2、机械定位深施超级稻专用肥1 200 kg/hm2和人工面施超级稻专用肥1 200 kg/hm23个处理对双季稻收获后稻田土壤养分、理化性质和超级稻产量的影响。结果表明:与人工撒施肥比较,2个机械定位深施超级稻专用肥处理均显著提高了土壤中的养分和大团聚体的含量,并使土壤中酶活性和超级稻实际产量显著增加。其中土壤有机质、全氮、水解性氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾的含量,分别平均增加5.11%~6.34%、4.45%~5.13%、5.37%~5.95%、3.82%~4.51%、5.34%~6.12%、3.18%~4.20%和6.14%~7.12%;土壤中大于0.25 mm团聚体的含量提高了13.12%~17.36%;土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高了5.16%~6.21%、8.64%~9.25%和10.13%~11.04%;2个超级稻品种的实际产量分别平均增加了3.8%~5.6%和8.4~10.0%,有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率分别平均提高了5.0%~12.4%、2.8%~8.8%和1.8%~4.7%。2个机械定位深施超级稻专用肥的处理对土壤肥力、土壤理化性质和超级稻产量的作用差异不显著,但机械定位深施超级稻专用肥900 kg/hm2处理较机械定位深施超级稻专用肥1 200 kg/hm2处理的肥料用量减少了25%,具有节本增效的优点,更适宜在超级稻生产上应用。 In order to investigate the effect of mechanical positioning of special fertilizer for super rice on soil fertility and super rice yield, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of mechanical positioning of special fertilizer for super rice 900 kg / hm2, mechanical positioning of special fertilizer for super rice 1 200 kg / hm2 and artificial super rice special fertilizer 1 200 kg / hm23 on paddy soil nutrient, physicochemical properties and super rice yield after double cropping rice harvest. The results showed that compared with artificial fertilizer application, the two special fertilizer treatments of super deep rice with mechanical positioning significantly increased the content of soil nutrients and large aggregates, and significantly increased the soil enzyme activity and super rice actual yield. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium increased 5.11% ~ 6.34%, 4.45% ~ 5.13%, 5.37% ~ 5.95%, 3.82% ~ 4.51 %, 5.34% ~ 6.12%, 3.18% ~ 4.20% and 6.14% ~ 7.12% respectively. The contents of aggregates> 0.25 mm increased by 13.12% ~ 17.36% in the soil. The activities of urease, catalase and sucrase in the soil were respectively Increased by 5.16% ~ 6.21%, 8.64% ~ 9.25% and 10.13% ~ 11.04% respectively. The actual yield of two super rice varieties increased by 3.8% ~ 5.6% and 8.4 ~ 10.0% on average, The number and seed setting rate increased by 5.0% ~ 12.4%, 2.8% ~ 8.8% and 1.8% ~ 4.7% on average. There was no significant difference in soil fertility, soil physical and chemical properties and super rice yield between the two mechanical deep-seeding special fertilizer treatments. However, the effect of mechanical positioning on the special super fertilizer 900 kg / hm2 was stronger than that of mechanical super deep rice Dedicated fertilizer 1 200 kg / hm2 treatment of fertilizer use decreased by 25%, with the advantages of cost-effective synergy, more suitable for super rice production applications.