目的了解北京市15岁及以上成人吸烟及戒烟情况,为北京市控烟政策的出台提供基线数据。方法于2014年7-8月,采用多阶段抽样的方法,首先采用按容量比例(PPS)抽样法从全市抽取街道(乡镇),再从每个街道抽取2个监测点。在绘图列表的基础上,每个监测点随机抽取100个家庭户。通过入户调查,采集家庭成员信息,并由掌上电脑从被调查家庭中随机抽取1名15周岁以上成员作为被调查对象。对被调查对象进行一对一询问式的问卷调查,计算吸烟率、戒烟率、现在吸烟率、有戒烟意愿的比例等指标。用SPSS 19.0统计软件的复杂抽样数据分析模块,根据抽样设计及全国第6次人口普查北京市人口资料进行加权,计算率并估算可信区间,率的比较用χ~2检验。结果共获得有效问卷8 484份,北京市15岁以上成人吸烟率为27.5%,其中14.9%的吸烟者已戒烟,65岁以上吸烟者的戒烟率高达51.2%。北京成人现在吸烟率为23.4%,男性为43.2%,女性为2.4%。据此估算,北京市15岁及以上人群现在吸烟者数量为419.2万人,其中男性398.6万人,女性20.6万人。现在吸烟者中,15.8%的人过去12个月中至少有1次戒烟24 h以上,11.6%的人打算在未来12个月内戒烟。乡村居民现在吸烟率高于城市居民,不同年龄组现在吸烟率、戒烟率、尝试24 h戒烟次数及计划12个月内戒烟的比例差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市不同年龄组、城乡成人的吸烟情况、戒烟意愿有所差别,应深入研究不同特征人群的戒烟动机,探索适合不同人群的干预措施。 Objective To understand smoking and smoking cessation among adults aged 15 and over in Beijing, and to provide baseline data for the tobacco control policy in Beijing. Methods From July to August 2014, a multistage sampling method was adopted. First, select the streets (townships) from the whole city according to the sampling method of PPS, and then take 2 monitoring points from each street. On the basis of the drawing list, 100 households were randomly selected from each monitoring site. Through the household survey, family members’ information was collected, and a random sample of one member over 15 years of age from the surveyed households was taken as the respondent by the handheld computer. One-on-one questionnaire survey was conducted on the surveyed subjects to calculate the smoking, smoking cessation rates, current smoking rates and the proportion of willing to quit smoking. Using SPSS 19.0 statistical software’s complex sampling data analysis module, according to the sampling design and the 6th national population census, population data of Beijing were weighted and calculated, and the confidence interval was estimated. Results A total of 8 484 valid questionnaires were obtained. In Beijing, the prevalence of smoking in adults over the age of 15 was 27.5%. Among them, 14.9% of smokers had quit smoking and 51.2% of smokers over 65 years of age quit smoking. Adults in Beijing now smoke at a rate of 23.4%, 43.2% for men and 2.4% for women. It is estimated that the number of smokers in Beijing aged 15 and above is now 4.192 million, of whom 3.986 million are men and 206,000 are women. Among current smokers, 15.8% of them quit smoking more than 24 hours in at least one of the past 12 months, and 11.6% plan to quit smoking in the next 12 months. The prevalence of smoking among urban residents is higher than that of urban residents. The prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation rates, the number of smoking cessation attempts at 24 h, and smoking cessation within 12 months of planning are all statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Smoking and smoking cessation in different age groups in urban and rural areas in Beijing are different. Intentional smoking cessation among different groups of people should be studied in depth to explore suitable interventions for different groups of people.