目的：根据前列腺疾病患者血清前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）水平，从中筛选前列腺癌，并对各种前列腺疾病进行初步诊断。方法：血清ＰＳＡ水平用酶联免疫法测定。结果：经病理检查证实，癌组ＰＳＡ水平显著高于其余各组；此法筛选前列腺癌敏感度达９１．１８％，特异性为７９．６７％；良性前列腺增生组ＰＳＡ水平随年龄的增加而升高。结论：血清ＰＳＡ可作为筛选前列腺癌的指标，结合临床经直肠指诊、超声诊断及活检，可对疾病做出明确诊断。 OBJECTIVE: To screen for prostate cancer based on the level of serum PSA in patients with prostatic diseases and to make a preliminary diagnosis of various prostatic diseases. Methods: Serum PSA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results of pathological examination showed that the PSA level in cancer group was significantly higher than that in other groups. The sensitivity and specificity of this method for screening for prostate cancer were 91.18% and 79.67%, respectively. The PSA level of benign prostatic hyperplasia group increased with age Rise. Conclusion: Serum PSA can be used as an index for screening of prostate cancer. Combined with clinical transrectal digital ultrasound, ultrasonography and biopsy, the disease can be diagnosed clearly.