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地下水可持续开采量的确定与评价既是合理开发地下水资源的基础,又是水文地质学研究中的难点。为克服没有统一的评价标准以及对众多约束条件难以定量化计算的难点,本文从提高流域内整体水资源的利用率出发,综合考虑了流域水资源整体开发利用效益和生态环境需水,以及人工调蓄作用对地下水系统的影响作用,提出了流域地下水可持续开采量的概念;论述了所提出概念的内涵;建立了由流域水循环模拟模型、水资源开发综合效益模型和可持续开采量优化模型组成的流域地下水可持续开采量的评价体系,将流域水循环模拟模型作为研究平台,以水资源开发的综合效益模型作为选优依据,以不同生态环境需水条件为约束条件,对施加其上的各种不同调控措施进行模拟,最后通过性价比的综合分析与评估,得到可持续开发方案下的流域地下水可持续开采量。以吉林省饮马河流域为例展开实例应用,确定饮马河流域最满意的开发模式下,即水库高比例供水(水库供水4.850×10~8m~3),保证河道适宜生态需水时,饮马河流域地下水可持续开采量为2.516×10~8m~3/a。
The determination and evaluation of the sustainable exploitation of groundwater is not only the basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater resources, but also the difficult point in the research of hydrogeology. In order to overcome the problem that there is no uniform evaluation criteria and difficult to quantify many constraints, this paper, starting from improving the utilization rate of the overall water resources in the basin, takes into consideration the overall development and utilization benefits of water resources in the basin as well as the ecological and environmental water requirements, The concept of sustainable development of groundwater in basin was put forward. The connotation of the proposed concept was expounded. The model of water cycle simulation of water resources, the comprehensive benefit model of water resources development and the optimized model of sustainable exploitation Which is composed of the evaluation system of the sustainable exploitation of groundwater in the basin, taking the basin water cycle simulation model as the research platform and the comprehensive benefit model of water resources development as the optimal basis, taking the different ecological environment water requirements as the constraint conditions, Various control measures were simulated. Finally, through the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the cost performance, the sustainable exploitation of groundwater under the sustainable development plan was obtained. Taking Yinmahe River in Jilin Province as an example, an example application was made to determine the most satisfactory development mode of Yinma River Basin, that is, when the reservoir has a high proportion of water supply (reservoir water supply 4.850 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3) The sustainable exploitation of groundwater in Yinma River Basin is 2.516 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / a.