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中古古日语和汉混合体文献中经常出现“被”字结构。“被”字结构一般表示两种意义,一者为被动,二者为敬语。本文将表示被动的“被”字结构从形式上区分为“施动者+■+被+V”(A型)、“施动者+■为■+被+V”(B型)和“隐形施动者+被+V”(C型),并指出从语义特点上看,A型、C型可以表示利益性、非利益性和中性的行为结果,而B型只表示非利益性的行为。本文又通过与相应汉语“被”字结构的比较,剖析了B型被动式的特殊性及其产生的原因,认为它是在一定程度上受到汉语“为……所”句式的影响所至。此外,表示敬语的“被”字结构均表示尊敬语,旨在表达文章作者对动作者的敬仰之意,它的产生与动词汉字“被”的覆盖、遍及、蒙受等含意有关。
Middle Ancient Japanese and Chinese hybrid literature often appear “is ” word structure. “Bei ” structure generally indicates two meanings, one is passive, the two are honored. In this paper, we denote that the passive “” character structure is formally divided into “+ + + + + + ” (Type B) and “Invisible Activator + Being + V” (Type C), and pointed out that from the point of view of semantic characteristics, type A and type C can represent the result of behavior of non-profit and non-profit, Type B only indicates non-profit behavior. By comparing with corresponding Chinese “bei” structure, this paper analyzes the particularity of type B passive and the reason why it is produced, and thinks it is to some extent affected by the Chinese “as” Impact. In addition, the “” characters expressing honorifics all show respect words in order to express the author’s admiration of the activists, and its production is covered and covered by and covered by the verb kanji related.