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初等教育是人民教育中最重要的一个阶段，是人民的基础教育，也是各级学校教育的基础。在教育事业中，基础教育具有极其重要的意义。解放以后，我省虽然经常遭受自然灾害，但我们的初等教育事业的发展，仍然是很快的。就小学来看：1949年，我省刚刚解放，入学儿童只有六十六万三千多人，教工是二万七千一百九十九人，到1956年，入学儿童达到二百八十万零六千多人，教职员工达到八万七千四百九十九人，特别是1956年，小学生增加了七十二万多人，是历年来发展最大的一年，目前小学入学儿童占我省人口总数8.43％，从第一个五年计划指标来看，小学儿童入学数已完成了135.33％。
Primary education is the most important stage in people’s education. It is the basic education of the people and the foundation of school education at all levels. In education, basic education is of great importance. After the liberation, despite the frequent natural disasters in our province, the development of our primary education is still very fast. In terms of primary school: In 1949, our province was just liberation, with only 663,000 children enrolled and 27,190 faculty members. By 1956, enrolled children reached 2.8 million. With more than 60,000 employees, the number of faculty and staff members reached 87,499. In particular, in 1956, the number of primary and secondary school students increased by more than 720,000. This is the largest year of development. The children enrolled in elementary schools account for me at present. The total population of the province is 8.43%. Judging from the indicators of the first five-year plan, the number of children enrolled in elementary schools has completed 135.33%.