论文部分内容阅读
国有企业经营机制矛盾突出,大中型企业经济效益严重滑坡,这是我国当前经济工作中一个非常突出的问题.这种现象并非中国独有,西方资本主义国家和世界其他国家的国有企业也同样面临着经营机制矛盾突出,经济效益欠佳的问题,并各自寻求着不同的改进方式。考察外国改进国有企业经营机制,增强国有企业活力的做法和途径,对我们搞好国有企业很有借鉴意义。 一、世界各国国有企业基本状况和经营机制的主要矛盾 1.世界各国国有企业发展情况。世界上几乎所有国家都有国有企业。二战以后,世界范围内多次出现国有化高潮,到80年代初达到了最高峰。在发达国家,国有企业产值占国内生产总值的比重平均为10％左右,占工业总产值的20％左右,占全国投资总额的20％以上,其中一些西欧国家的相应比重则更高。发展中国家的上述各项比重平均分别为13％,25％、35％左右 。自80年代以来,世界范围内国有企业的比重呈下降趋向,许多国家卷入了“私有化”的浪潮。即使如此,国有企业仍然是世界经济的重要组成部分。直到1993年,法国仍有2700多家公营企业,其产值占国内生产总值的18％,占全国投资总额的25％。
The prominent contradiction between the operating mechanisms of state-owned enterprises and the serious economic decline of large and medium-sized enterprises is a very prominent issue in our current economic work, which is not unique to China, but also to state-owned enterprises in western capitalist countries and other countries in the world With prominent contradictions in operating mechanism and poor economic benefits, each has been seeking different ways of improvement. Examining foreign practices and ways of improving the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and enhancing the vitality of state-owned enterprises is a good reference for us to do a good job in state-owned enterprises. I. Major Contradictions in the Basic Conditions and Operating Mechanism of State-owned Enterprises in Various Countries 1. The Development of State-owned Enterprises in Various Countries in the World. Almost all countries in the world have state-owned enterprises. After World War II, the nationalization climax appeared many times in the world and reached the peak in the early 1980s. In developed countries, the share of state-owned enterprises in their GDP accounts for about 10% of the total, accounting for about 20% of the total industrial output, accounting for more than 20% of the total investment in the country and some of them correspondingly higher in proportion. The above proportion of developing countries averaged respectively 13%, 25% and 35%. Since the 1980s, the share of state-owned enterprises in the world has been declining, and many countries have been embroiled in the wave of “privatization.” Even so, state-owned enterprises are still an important part of the world economy. Until 1993, France still had over 2,700 public enterprises, accounting for 18% of its GDP and 25% of its total investment in the country.