恩格斯曾发现,在古希腊哲学的众多流派中,几乎可以找到此后一切哲学的胚胎和萌芽。我们在空想社会主义者形形色色的理想模式中,也有类似发现:在那里,几乎可以找到当代各种社会主义经济模式的胚胎和雏形。 为了理清空想家们的思想发展脉络,探求其内在规律,镜往知来,更加深刻地认识当代社会主义经济体制改革,本文试将历史上最负盛名的空想社会主义者——欧洲文艺复兴时期的莫尔和康帕内拉、法国启蒙运动中的摩莱里和马布利、法国大革命时期的巴贝夫、和法英两国资本主义上升时期的三大空想社会主义者(圣西门、傅立叶和欧文)的理想模式,按照组成社会经济系统的四个基本结构——所有制、决策、信息和动力,以时间先后为序,进行分项比较,指出演变规律,并做初步分析。 一、公有制形式的演变 Engels once found that in many schools of ancient Greek philosophy, almost all the embryos and embryos of philosophy can be found. In the various ideal models of utopian socialists, we find similar discoveries: There, we can find embryos and prototypes of contemporary socialist economic models. In order to sort out the ideological development of the dreamers, to explore their inherent laws, to learn the past, to understand more deeply the reform of the socialist economic system in contemporary times, this article attempts to turn the most prestigious and utopian socialist in history, the European Renaissance Moore and Campanella during the period, Moraisi and Mabuli in the French Enlightenment, Babei in the French Revolution, and the three utopian socialists in the capitalist uprising between France and England (Saint-Simon, Fourier and Irving). According to the four basic structures that constitute the social and economic system - ownership, decision-making, information and motivation, time-series comparison is carried out, the evolution law is pointed out, and a preliminary analysis is made. First, the evolution of public ownership form