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器官移植是目前器官终末期疾病的最有效治疗措施,但是移植术后的排斥反应仍是阻碍患者和移植物长期存活的主要原因。对于巨噬细胞,人们更多关注的是它在移植排斥中发挥的促炎症反应作用,然而,随着细胞与分子免疫学的发展,越来越多的证据表明巨噬细胞还可以促进移植物的存活。不仅如此,巨噬细胞在移植后的组织损伤修复及再生过程中亦拥有举足轻重的地位,如何调控巨噬细胞减轻排斥反应,甚至促进植物的功能重建是今后的研究方向。现就巨噬细胞的极化、巨噬细胞在移植物内的聚集及其在同种异体移植与异种移植中的免疫排斥作用、移植损伤修复、移植免疫耐受等方面进行论述。
Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment of end-stage organ disease, but rejection after transplantation remains a major obstacle to the long-term survival of patients and grafts. However, with the development of cellular and molecular immunology, there is more and more evidence that macrophages can also promote the transplantation of macrophages Survival. Not only that, macrophages also play a decisive role in the repair and regeneration of tissue injury after transplantation. How to regulate macrophages to reduce rejection and even promote the functional reconstruction of plant is the research direction in the future. Now the polarization of macrophages, the accumulation of macrophages in the graft and its immune rejection in allograft and xenotransplantation, graft injury repair, transplantation tolerance and so on are discussed.