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本文探究美国学者乔纳森·卡勒的文学符号学理论。卡勒利用结构主义语言学资源对文学符号的特点作了深入的研究,指出“自指性”是文学符号具有文学性的一个重要维度。但文学符号的自指性又绝非单纯的语言学或符号学问题,它必然受制于社会文化规则和既定的程式规范。这也就决定了文学符号学研究自身蕴涵着某种悖谬性,它必须不断地反观自身,进行自我批判。符号学虽然未尽完善,但它确实可以为文学批评提供有效的分析方法和手段。
This article explores the literary semiotics theory of the American scholar Jonathan Kalle. Carlyle used structuralist linguistic resources to make an in-depth study of the characteristics of literary symbols and pointed out that “self-signification ” is an important dimension in which literary symbols are literary. However, the self-referential nature of literary symbols is not merely a matter of linguistics or semiotics. It is bound to be subject to the rules of social culture and the established rules of programming. This also determines the semiotic nature of semiotic researches in literary semiotics. It must constantly reflect on itself and conduct self-criticism. Semiotics, though imperfect, can indeed provide an effective analytical method and means for literary criticism.