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为探究石榴干腐病的病原菌种类及嘧菌酯对石榴干腐病菌的生物学活性,采用单孢分离法对石榴病果中的病原菌进行分离纯化,然后进行分子鉴定和致病性测定,并通过室内生测法测定了嘧菌酯对其菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,且连续2年开展了大田防治试验。经形态学、分子生物学鉴定及致病性测定结果表明,石榴干腐病的病原菌为石榴壳座月孢Pilidiella granati。嘧菌酯在水杨肟酸(SHAM)的协同作用下,对石榴干腐病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有强烈的抑制作用,对其菌丝生长和孢子萌发的平均EC50分别为0.202μg/m L和0.007μg/m L(含100μg/m L SHAM);在大田防治试验中,嘧菌酯对石榴干腐病具有良好的防效,其中1 000倍25%嘧菌酯SC稀释液在2013和2014年的防效分别可达90.85%和81.91%,显著高于其它处理。表明嘧菌酯可作为防治石榴干腐病的候选药剂。
In order to explore the pathogen species of dry rot of pomegranate and the biological activity of azoxystrobin against dry rot fungi of pomegranate, the pathogenic bacteria in pomegranate disease fruit were isolated and purified by single spore separation method, and then the molecular identification and pathogenicity determination were carried out. The effects of azoxystrobin on the mycelial growth and spore germination of Azoxystrobin were determined by indoor bioassay, and field control experiments were carried out for two consecutive years. Morphological, molecular identification and pathogenicity test results show that the pathogen of dry pomegranate rot is Pilidiella granati. The synergistic effect of azoxystrobin (SHAM) on mycelial growth and spore germination of Tricholoma pomegranate had a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and spore germination. The average EC50 of azoxystrobin was 0.202 μg / m L and 0.007 μg / m L (containing 100 μg / m L SHAM). Azoxystrobin had a good control effect on dry rot of pomegranate in field control trials. Among them, 1000 × 25% azoxystrobin SC diluted at The control efficiency in 2013 and 2014 was 90.85% and 81.91% respectively, significantly higher than other treatments. Show that azoxystrobin can be used as a candidate for preventing and curing garnet dry rot disease.