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较差的注入水质是许多注水井和处理矿场水井注入能力降低的一个主要因素。注入能力的降低常常导致昂贵的修井作业,强化处理作业和二次完井。许多情况下,井底高压产生的不可控制井下破碎会导致注水波及能力差,降低总波及效率和总采收率。本文对许多常见的注水质量问题及其如何影响注入能力进行了讨论,其中包括由于悬浮固相,精细颗粒运移,粘土膨胀和反絮凝作用,地层溶解,化学吸附和润湿性变化与分馏油和润滑脂及夹带游离气注入相关的相对渗透率影响,生物和细菌诱发的伤害,不溶性垢和沉淀物,乳化液,石蜡及沥青沉积引起的地层伤害。目前筛选标准用于对某一特定注入水源进行精确评价,以研究潜在的灵敏区,并且努力减少与注入能力下降有关的问题。
Poor injected water quality is a major factor in reducing the injection capacity of many water injection wells and handling mines. Reduced injection capacity often leads to expensive workover operations, intensive handling operations and secondary completions. In many cases, uncontrollable downhole fracturing caused by high pressure at the bottom of the well can result in poor water inflow performance and lower total wave efficiency and total recovery. This article discusses many common waterflooding quality issues and how they affect injection capabilities, including the effects of suspended solids, fine particle migration, clay swelling and deflocculation, formation dissolution, chemisorption and wetting changes, and fractionated oils Relative permeability associated with grease and entrained free gas injection, biological and bacterial induced injury, insoluble scale and formation damage caused by deposits, emulsions, waxes and bitumen deposits. Current screening criteria are used to make an accurate assessment of a particular source of injected water in order to study potential sensitive areas and to work to reduce the problems associated with decreased injection capacity.