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许多常见慢性疾病(如癌症、心血管疾病等)的病因都是极其复杂的,遗传因素和环境因素都可能和这些疾病有关。识别这些复杂的病因是流行病学和遗传学研究者共同的目标,两门学科的相互渗透形成了遗传流行病学。相对来说,遗传流行病学是一个比较新的研究领域,它将遗传学和流行病学的设计和方法结合起来,以探索遗传因素和环境因素对疾病的单独作用以及它们对疾病的联合作用。其主要任务是评价环境因素与疾病状态的关联;评价疾病的家庭聚集性;通过分离分析判断疾病的遗传模式;从而最终通过和遗传标记连锁定位出致病基因。
The causes of many common chronic diseases (such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc.) are extremely complex, genetic and environmental factors may be related to these diseases. Identifying these complex causes is a common goal of both epidemiological and genetic researchers, and the interpenetration of the two disciplines has led to the development of genetic epidemiology. Relatively speaking, genetic epidemiology is a relatively new area of research that combines both genetic and epidemiological designs and approaches to explore the individual effects of genetic and environmental factors on disease and their combined effects on disease . Its main task is to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and disease status; to evaluate the family aggregation of diseases; to determine the genetic mode of disease through separation and analysis; and to finally locate the disease-causing genes by linkage with genetic markers.