采用氢氧化钠碱提法提取和纯化了我国4种典型土壤中腐殖酸，分别用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、固态核磁共振（NMR）等方法对提取腐殖酸进行了表征。结果表明，4种土壤中腐殖酸的FTIR图谱相似，含有相同类型的官能团。对NMR不同化学位移域的谱峰积分获得4种土壤腐殖酸的各组成比例，组成中以烷氧基C的含量最高，脂类C略高于芳香C含量。 The humic acid was extracted and purified from four typical soils in China by sodium hydroxide alkali extraction. The extraction of humic acid was carried out by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Characterization. The results showed that the FTIR patterns of humic acid in the four soils were similar and contained the same type of functional groups. The compositional ratios of humic acids in four soils were obtained by spectral peak integration of different chemical shift fields of NMR. Among the components, the content of alkoxy C was the highest and that of lipid C was slightly higher than that of aromatic C.