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目的追踪观察大学生自入学至毕业4年内生活事件对身心健康的影响及其相关因素的动态变化。方法以群体分层抽样法,共抽取受试样本800人,实际有效样本688人;采用中国身心健康量表(CPSHS)、生活事件量表(LES)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、防御方式问卷(DSQ),于大学生入学体检、入学6个月和毕业前分别进行测试。结果毕业前学生心身障碍的检出率(15%)高于入学时(8%),且随校龄增加而递增,并以毕业前分值最高从入学6个月开始,大学生对不成熟防御机制的动用频率逐步增高。毕业前大学生的生活事件明显多于其它时段,并以家庭问题为主,而入学时则以社交问题为多。结论大学生在校期间以毕业前心身障碍的检出率最高,大学生心身健康水平主要与其个性、家庭有关的生活事件数量、主观社会支持、性别、年龄有密切关系。社会支持是大学生心身健康的保护因素。
Objective To observe the impact of life events on physical and mental health and the dynamic changes of related factors during the four years of graduation from undergraduate school. Methods A total of 800 samples were collected and 688 samples were validated by population stratified sampling method. CPSHS, LES, SSRS, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Defensiveness Questionnaire (DSQ) were tested on admission to college, 6 months of enrollment and before graduation. Results The pre-graduation rate of students with psychosomatic impairment (15%) was higher than that of admission (8%), and increased with the increase of school age. The score of pre-graduation students was 6 months. The frequency of use of the mechanism is gradually increasing. Before graduation, the life events of college students were significantly more than those in other periods, with the majority of family problems, but more social problems were involved in school. Conclusions The detection rate of college students’ psychosomatic disorders before graduation is the highest among college students. The mental and physical health of college students is closely related to their personality, number of family-related life events, subjective social support, gender and age. Social support is the protective factor of college students’ mental and physical health.