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目的了解2011年3月—2012年2月北京市丰台区急性呼吸道感染非细菌性病原谱构成及其流行特征,为该区呼吸道传染病的预防控制以及临床诊断、治疗提供实验室依据。方法随机采集哨点医院发热门诊就诊的急性呼吸道感染病例咽拭子标本220例,利用多重实时-聚合酶链反应、聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR、PCR)方法进行流行性感冒(流感)病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、肠道病毒、博卡病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒、鼻病毒和腺病毒9种病毒性病原体的检测和支原体检测,并进行统计分析。结果从220份咽拭子标本中共检出125份阳性标本,阳性率为56.82%。其中有6份标本为双重感染,阳性率较高的为流感病毒(65/131,49.62%)、支原体和副流感病毒(均为26/131,19.85%)。其他病原体的检出率均小于5%。不同病原体检出在季节分布上存在差异:流感病毒冬季检出率最高,支原体秋季检出较多,而副流感病毒感染的高峰期发生在夏季,病原体检出率在季节分布上总体呈现冬季(12—2月)较高,夏季较低的特点。不同性别间病原体检出率无统计学差异。发病3 d内采集的标本流感病毒检出率高于3 d后采集的标本,而支原体相反。结论北京市丰台区急性呼吸道感染非细菌性病原体主要为流感病毒、支原体和副流感病毒。在对急性呼吸道感染病例的诊断治疗中应考虑到不同病原体的高发季节。
Objective To understand the composition and epidemiological features of non-bacterial pathogenic bacteria in Fengtai District of Beijing from March 2011 to February 2012 and provide laboratory evidence for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases and their clinical diagnosis and treatment in this area. Methods A total of 220 cases of throat swabs from acute outbreaks of respiratory tract infection in sentinel outpatient department of sentinel hospital were collected. Influenza (influenza) virus was detected by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , Parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus and adenovirus were detected by mycoplasma and mycoplasma, and statistical analysis was made. Results Totally 125 positive specimens were detected from 220 throat swab specimens, the positive rate was 56.82%. Among them, 6 were double infections, with the highest positive rates being influenza virus (65/131, 49.62%), mycoplasma and parainfluenza virus (both 26/131 and 19.85%). The detection rate of other pathogens are less than 5%. Different pathogens detected in the seasonal distribution differences: the highest detection rate of influenza virus in winter, mycoplasma autumn detected more, and the peak of parainfluenza virus infection occurs in the summer, the detection of pathogens in the seasonal distribution of the overall winter ( 12-February) higher, lower in summer. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of pathogens among different sexes. The specimens collected within 3 days of onset of influenza virus detection rate was higher than 3 d after the collection of specimens, while the opposite Mycoplasma. Conclusion The non-bacterial pathogens of acute respiratory infection in Fengtai District of Beijing are mainly influenza virus, mycoplasma and parainfluenza virus. In the diagnosis and treatment of cases of acute respiratory infections should take into account the high incidence of different pathogens season.