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提出了将产品置于极严酷的环境下降低其可靠性，再用经典的方法来推断额定环境下产品可靠性的过载试验方法。阐述了如何利用过载试验的信息评估额定状态下的可靠性，讨论了过载试验设计中确定过载系数及最小过载系数问题，最后以某个发动机壳体试验数据为例作了计算，并分析了评估结果对变异系数的敏感性。算例表明，对额定状态下需作２００～３００次试验考核的产品，如果提高载荷２０％～３０％，则只需作４～５次可靠性试验考核。这种方法对高试验费用的小子样产品可靠性评估具有很好的经济性和实用性。
Put forward the product under extremely harsh environment to reduce its reliability, and then use the classic method to infer the reliability of the product under rated environment overload test method. The paper describes how to evaluate the reliability under rated condition by using the information of overload test, discusses the problem of determining overload coefficient and minimum overload coefficient in the overload test design. Finally, taking the test data of a certain engine shell as an example, Sensitivity of results to coefficient of variation. The example shows that if the product under rated condition needs to be tested 200 ~ 300 times, if the load is increased by 20% ~ 30%, only 4 ~ 5 times reliability test is required. This method is very economical and practical for evaluating the reliability of small sample products with high testing costs.