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【目的】研究西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏现状及相关因素。【方法】采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云贵川三省城乡6～24月龄婴幼儿3 344名作为对象,通过对婴幼儿看护人进行问卷调查收集婴幼儿食物过敏、致敏食物、婴幼儿及其家庭基本信息,初步探讨家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏流行趋势及特征,应用Logistic回归方法分析其相关因素。【结果】家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率为9.54%,城市(13.62%)高于农村(5.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.51,P<0.05);性别及月龄组间无显著差异。主要致敏食物为鱼虾类(城市34.65%,农村30.63%)和蛋类(城市29.53%,农村27.03%),第3位致敏食物城乡有差异,城市是水果类(9.45%),农村是奶类(18.02%)。剖宫产儿食物过敏风险高于自然分娩儿(OR=1.53,P<0.05)、4个月内非纯母乳喂养儿食物过敏风险高于纯母乳喂养儿(OR=2.17,P<0.05)、断乳月龄早于4个月儿食物过敏风险高于4月龄后断乳儿(OR=1.55,P<0.05)。【结论】西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率较高,值得进一步关注。自然分娩和母乳喂养可能有助于预防婴幼儿食物过敏。
【Objective】 To study the current situation and related factors of food allergy in parents in Southwest China. 【Method】 A total of 3 344 infants from 6 to 24 months of age in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces and cities were collected by stratified cluster random sampling method. The infant and child caregivers were surveyed by questionnaire to collect food allergy, Toddlers and their families basic information, a preliminary study of parents reported infants food allergy trends and characteristics, the use of Logistic regression analysis of its related factors. 【Results】 Parents reported that the incidence of food allergy was 9.54% in infants and young children and 13.62% in urban areas (5.69%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 61.51, P <0.05); Significant differences. The main allergenic foods are fish and shrimp (34.65% in urban areas, 30.63% in rural areas) and eggs (29.53% in urban areas and 27.03% in rural areas). The third sensitized food is different in urban and rural areas. The urban area is fruit (9.45%), rural Is milk (18.02%). The risk of food allergy in cesarean section children was higher than that of natural breastfeeding children (OR = 1.53, P <0.05). The risk of food allergy in non-exclusively breastfeeding children in 4 months was higher than that in pure breastfeeding children (OR = 2.17, The risk of food allergy was higher in infants older than 4 months after weaning compared with 4 months old (OR = 1.55, P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Parents of Southwest China have reported a higher incidence of food allergy in infants and young children and deserve further attention. Natural childbirth and breastfeeding may help prevent food allergies in infants and young children.