患儿女,3岁2个月。因间歇性咳嗽、哮喘1个月入院。声咳,无“鸡鸣样”回声。在院外曾多次使用青霉素、复方新诺明及中药治疗,效果不好。入院体检:体温37.1℃,脉搏108次/分,呼吸36次/分,神志清楚,发育、营养中等。口周无紫绀,咽稍充血,扁桃体I°,无脓。心脏听诊无异常,肝脾不肿大。双肺可闻及明显干、湿性罗音。化验检查血白细胞,10.7×10~9/L,中性29%,淋巴68%,嗜酸1%,单核2%。门诊胸部X线透视和入院后胸部摄片均提示双肺纹增强并有点片状模糊阴影,其他无异常发现。诊为小儿支气管肺炎。入院后用青霉素及氨基苄青霉素雾滴及对症治疗10天效果不明显,改用红霉素0.3g加入5%葡萄糖250ml、0.9%氯化钠50ml中静滴,速度为16～20滴/分。约15分钟后,患儿开始面色潮红,哭闹,烦躁不 Children with children, 3 years and 2 months. Due to intermittent cough, asthma admitted to hospital for 1 month. Acoustic cough, no “cock-like” echo. In the hospital had repeatedly used penicillin, cotrimoxazole and traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the effect is not good. Admission medical examination: body temperature 37.1 ℃, pulse 108 beats / min, breathing 36 beats / min, conscious, development, nutrition and medium. Mouth without cyanosis, pharyngeal hyperemia, tonsil I °, no pus. No abnormal heart auscultation, liver and spleen is not enlarged. The lungs can be heard and obviously dry and wet rales. Laboratory tests of white blood cells, 10.7 × 10 ~ 9 / L, neutral 29%, lymphatic 68%, 1% eosinophilic, mononuclear 2%. Outpatient chest X-ray and chest radiography after admission prompted both lung pattern enhancement and a little flaky shadows, no other abnormal findings. Diagnosis of bronchial pneumonia in children. After admission with penicillin and ampicillin droplet and symptomatic treatment for 10 days the effect is not obvious, instead of erythromycin 0.3g added 5% glucose 250ml, 0.9% sodium chloride 50ml intravenous infusion, the speed of 16 to 20 drops / min . About 15 minutes later, the child started to look flushing, crying, irritability not