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【目的】为了解新疆北部地区冬季不同土壤深度的温度和冬前灌溉与未灌溉条件下土壤水势的动态变化。【方法】采取温度和水势自动化数据采集系统对该地区土壤进行监测。【结果】2002年11月~2003年2月,随着土壤深度增加,月均土壤温度增加,2003年3月以后,随着空气温度上升,表层土壤升温相对比较快,土壤深层的温度小于表层温度,3月40 cm土壤温度比0 cm低1.3℃。1~2月土壤温度的变异性为0.9%~7.74%,3~4月的温度变异性增大,变异范围为8.61%~35.14%;随着土壤深度增加,土壤温度的变异性变小。冬前灌溉的土壤水势值在22.4~145.6 KPa,冬前未灌溉的土壤水势在37.7~200.0 KPa,融雪期间土壤水势值急剧减小,土壤水分含量增加。【结论】冬季大气温度和土壤温度具有较大的差异性,土壤温度的变异性在不同时间和深度显著不同,融雪期间土壤水势和水分含量变化剧烈。
【Objective】 In order to understand the winter soil temperature in northern Xinjiang and the dynamic changes of soil water potential under irrigated and unirrigated conditions before winter. 【Method】 The temperature and water potential automatic data acquisition system was used to monitor the soil in this area. 【Result】 The soil temperature increased with the increase of soil depth from November 2002 to February 2003. After March 2003, with the increase of air temperature, the temperature of surface soil was relatively fast, and the temperature of soil deep layer was less than that of surface layer Temperature, March 40 cm soil temperature 1.3 ℃ lower than 0 cm. The variability of soil temperature from January to February was 0.9% -7.74%, and the temperature variability increased from March to April with a variation range of 8.61% -35.14%. With the increase of soil depth, the variability of soil temperature became smaller. The soil water potential of irrigated before winter was 22.4 ~ 145.6 KPa. The unirrigated soil water potential was 37.7 ~ 200.0 KPa before winter. The soil water potential rapidly decreased and the soil water content increased during the snowmelt period. 【Conclusion】 There is great difference between winter atmospheric temperature and soil temperature. The variability of soil temperature is significantly different at different times and depths, and the changes of soil water potential and moisture content during snowmelt period have changed drastically.