对1933—1934年间的中国而言,怎样综合处理对日对苏关系这一组复合性矛盾,是一个困难而又复杂的选择。就整体来看,蒋介石在此期间并未单纯偏向于“联苏制日”,而是以“中立”促成日苏两国的相互牵制,实现既“攘日”又“制俄”的双重目标。二者在质量上随各阶段矛盾的变化及对矛盾之认识的变化而各有侧重,在时间上则平行不悖。对这种着眼于利用国际矛盾的“二重外交”的评估,是当局者在形势判断上的一个分水岭。它带来了蒋汪两人此期在外交方针上的分歧,并埋下了最终导致他们走上相反道路的种子。 For China between 1933 and 1934, it was a difficult and complicated choice how to deal with the complex contradictions in the Sino-Japanese relations with Japan. On the whole, Chiang Kai-shek did not simply favor the “Soviet Union-Soviet Day” during this period. Instead, he used “neutrality” to bring about the mutual containment of Japan and the Soviet Union so as to achieve the dual objective of “keeping Japan and making Russia” . Both have their own emphasis on the changes of the contradictions in quality and on the understanding of contradictions in quality, and they are parallel in time. The assessment of this “dual diplomacy” that focuses on the use of international conflicts is a watershed in the judgment of the authorities. It brought the differences between Chiang Kai-shek’s diplomatic guidelines and the seeds that eventually led them to the opposite road.