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目的探讨以血糖负荷为基础的食物交换份对糖调节受损(IGR)患者血糖、血脂代谢及营养摄入状况的影响。方法从健康体检中选取符合空腹血糖受损(IFG)和/或糖耐量减低(IGT)的患者63例(统称为葡萄糖调节受损IGR),其中男性29例,女性34例,根据体质指数(BMI)分为正常体型组38例(BMI 21.0±1.11),超重体型组25例(BMI26.6±0.95)。通过分期讲座、编制个体化低血糖负荷(GL)食谱等方式进行为期8个月的营养干预。结果干预后两组患者血清FBG、PBG、HbA1c、TC均显著降低(P<0.05),超重体型组血清甘油三酯显著降低(P<0.05);膳食摄入方面,超重体型组平均每日能量、碳水化合物、脂肪摄入量均显著降低(P<0.05);正常体型组蛋白质摄入量显著增加(P<0.05),脂肪摄入量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后两组患者整个膳食GL显著降低(P<0.05),膳食纤维摄入量显著增加(P<0.05);两组患者膳食摄入的合理性均得到较大改善。结论以GL为基础的食物交换份的干预模式易被IGR患者接受,利于患者控制血糖、血脂水平,改善营养摄入状况。
Objective To investigate the effect of food exchange based on blood glucose load on blood glucose, lipid metabolism and nutritional intake in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Methods Sixty-three patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), including those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and / or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), were selected from healthy subjects. There were 29 males and 34 females. According to body mass index BMI) were divided into normal body group 38 cases (BMI 21.0 ± 1.11), overweight body group 25 cases (BMI26.6 ± 0.95). Eight-month nutritional interventions are provided through staging courses, preparation of individualized low-glycemic load (GL) recipes and so on. Results Serum levels of FBG, PBG, HbA1c and TC were significantly decreased in both groups (P <0.05) after intervention, while serum triglycerides were significantly decreased in overweight group (P <0.05). In terms of dietary intake, the average daily energy (P <0.05). The protein intake of normal body was significantly increased (P <0.05) and the fat intake was significantly decreased (P <0.05). After intervention, GL in the two groups significantly decreased (P <0.05) and dietary fiber intake increased significantly (P <0.05). The rationality of dietary intake in both groups improved significantly. Conclusion GL-based food-exchange interventions are easily accepted by patients with IGR, which will help patients to control blood sugar and blood lipid levels and improve nutritional intake.