目的：了解小学生贫血患病情况，为今后防治小学生贫血提供依据。方法：采用整群抽样方法，抽取昌平区14315名小学生，取受检者左手无名指末端血，测定血红蛋白含量。结果：昌平区小学生贫血患病率与国内同类报道比较，明显低于其他地区；不同地区和类别小学生贫血患病率比较，由高到低依次为：山区半山区、平原、城镇、贵族学校；不同年级小学生贫血患病率比较，呈年级越低贫血患病率越高的现象；性别比较，女生贫血患病率高于男生。结论：防治小学生贫血按地区和类别应以山区半山区学生、按年龄和性别应以低年级学生和女生为主要对象。 Objective: To understand the prevalence of anemia in primary school students and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of anemia in primary school students in the future. Methods: A total of 14315 primary school students from Changping District were collected by cluster sampling method. The hemoglobin content of the left ring finger was measured. Results: The prevalence of anemia in primary school students in Changping District was significantly lower than that in other areas in China. The prevalence of anemia in primary school students in different regions and categories was higher than that in other regions: mountain Mid-levels, plain, town, aristocratic school; The prevalence of anemia among pupils of different grades was higher than that of boys. The higher the prevalence of anemia was, the higher the prevalence of anemia was. Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of primary school anemia should be based on the region and type of mountainous Mid-mountain students, by age and sex should be the lower grades of students and girls as the main target.