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马克思对资本的理解区别于西方古典经济学家之处在于:不仅把资本看作一个经济学概念,而且更主要的是一个哲学概念。历史唯物主义有哲学历史观层面和具体历史理论层面两大区分。马克思对资本做了实践唯物主义的超越,把资本看成是一种社会关系的存在物。正是基于对资本的这样一种诠释,揭示了资本的哲学品质。马克思对资本的哲学透视,标志着具体历史理论层面的达成。
The difference between Marx’s understanding of capital and Western classical economists lies not only in seeing capital as an economic concept, but more importantly as a philosophical concept. Historical materialism has two distinctions between the philosophical historical view and the specific historical theory. Marx made the transcendence of practical materialism to capital and regarded capital as the existence of social relations. It is based on an interpretation of capital that reveals the philosophical quality of capital. Marx’s philosophical perspective on capital marks the conclusion of a specific historical theory.