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目的调查香格里拉县小型兽类体外寄生蚤群落结构及多样性特征。方法以香格里拉6个乡镇(海拔2 500~4 900 m)作为调查的空间,采用笼捕(室内)和夹捕(山区)方法进行小兽体表寄生蚤的调查取样,所获资料进行蚤类群落组织水平的测定和比较。结果 2011年6-7月,在该地区不同生境和海拔带中,共捕获小型兽类4目7科14属21种425只,检获寄生蚤334只(3科7亚科15属26种)。多样性分析结果显示:4种不同生境及4个不同海拔梯度带的Shannon-Winner多样性指数分别在1.0322~1.8275之间和1.2608~1.7269之间;Pielou均匀度指数在0.6414~0.6925之间和0.6063~0.6570之间;Simpson优势度指数在0.2557~0.5442之间和0.2999~0.4245;Margalef丰富度指数在1.3138~2.9185之间和1.4980~3.0300之间。不同生境中,林区的蚤类物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数最高,而优势度指数最低;居民区的蚤类物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数最低,而优势度指数最高。从海拔垂直带看,以3 500~4 000 m之间寄生蚤物种丰富度指数和多样性指数最高,4 000 m以上次之,其他两个垂直带较低;不同生境和海拔带蚤类Whittaker群落相似性指数比较结果为中等不相似或极不相似。结论香格里拉县小型兽类寄生蚤群落物种多样性因生境和海拔的差异而不同,其多样性以林区生境最高,农耕地和高山草甸次之,居民区较低,而蚤类多样性的垂直分布呈现为单峰格局,总体显示出随着海拔的升高,先升高后降低的分布特征。
Objective To investigate the community structure and diversity of parasitized fleas of small mammals in Shangri-La County. Methods Six small towns and townships in Shangri-La (elevation 2 500 ~ 4 900 m) were used as the investigation space. Samples of parasitoid fleas in small animals were collected by cage-capture (indoor) and capture (mountainous area) methods. Measurement and comparison of community organization level. Results From June to July 2011, a total of 425 species of 14 species, 14 species, 4 orders, 7 orders of small mammals were captured in different habitats and altitudes in the area. A total of 334 parasitic fleas were seized (26 species belonging to 15 genera, 3 families, 7 subfamilies) . The results of diversity analysis showed that Shannon-Winner diversity index of four different habitats and four different altitudes belonged to between 1.0322 and 1.8275 and between 1.2608 and 1.7269 respectively; Pielou evenness index between 0.6414 and 0.6925 and 0.6063 ~ 0.6570; Simpson dominance index between 0.2557 ~ 0.5442 and 0.2999 ~ 0.4245; Margalef abundance index between 1.3138 ~ 2.9185 and 1.4980 ~ 3.0300. In different habitats, the species diversity index, evenness index and richness index of fleas species in forest area were the highest while the dominance index was the lowest; the diversity index, evenness index and richness index of fleas species in residential areas were the lowest Degree index highest. From vertical elevation, the species richness index and diversity index of parasitoid fleas between 3 500 m and 4 000 m were the highest, followed by 4 000 m, while the other two vertical bands were lower. In different habitats and altitudes, the species Whittaker The comparison of community similarity index shows that they are not similar or very similar. Conclusion The species diversity of the parasitoid flea community in small mammals in Shangri-La County differs according to habitat and elevation. The diversity of habitats is highest in forest area, followed by farmland and alpine meadow, low residential area, and diversity The vertical distribution showed a unimodal pattern, showing the distribution characteristics of the first increase and then decrease with the elevation.