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应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、涂片抗酸染色，ＢＡＣＴＥＣ快速培养、Ｌ－Ｊ法培养、ＥＬＩＳＡ测ＰＰＤ－ＩｇＧ和结核杆菌抗原六种方法对５７例临床肺部病人和３６例中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）感染病人检测结核杆菌。结果表明：对肺部病人还是ＣＮＳ感染病人，ＰＣＲ检测结核杆菌的阳性率最高，ＰＣＲ对肺结核病人的敏感性和特异性分别为９６．７％和１００％，对结核性脑膜炎病人的敏感性和特异性均为１００％；六种方法中敏感性最低的是涂片法，肺结核为３３％，结核性脑膜炎为２０％；ＢＡＣＴＥＣ快速培养法敏感性（痰７６．７％，ＣＳＦ５０％）高于Ｌ－Ｊ法（痰６０％，ＣＳＦ２５％）；免疫学方法敏感性较高，但存在一定假阳性。实验结果表明ＰＣＲ技术是早期、快速印准确地诊断结核病的有效方法。
Sixty-seven patients with clinical lung disease and 36 with central nervous system (CNS) disease were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), acid-fast staining with smear, rapid culture by BACTEC, culture by L-J method and PPD-IgG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by ELISA. (CNS) infection in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection. The results showed that the positive rate of PCR detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the highest in lung patients or patients with CNS infection. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were 96.7% and 100%, respectively, and their sensitivity to patients with tuberculous meningitis And specificity were 100%. The least sensitive among the six methods was smear, with 33% for tuberculosis and 20% for tuberculous meningitis; sensitivity to rapid culture of BACTEC (sputum 76.7%, CSF 50%) Higher than the L-J method (sputum 60%, CSF25%); immunological methods are more sensitive, but there is a certain false positive. The experimental results show that PCR is an effective method to diagnose tuberculosis quickly and accurately.