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随着普通话的推广和普及,作为国家法定的标准语在与各种方言接触中处于绝对强势地位,对上海市区方言的语音演变产生最主要的影响,使得最新派上海市区方言的语音已进入与普通话逐步趋同的状态。本文调查分析最新派的上海市区方言语音,以及上海普通话水平测试中上海人说普通话时出现错误的情况,进行统计分析。发现受普通话影响,上海话声韵调发生的语音演变,往往是非常用词汇比常用词汇更容易发生变化,也就是使用频率越低的词越容易发生语音变化。而上海话自身的内部音变往往是常用词汇比非常用词汇更容易发生变化,也就是使用频率越高的词越容易发生语音变化。
With the popularization and popularization of Putonghua, as the legal standard language of the country, it has the absolute strong position in the contact with various dialects and has the most important influence on the phonetic evolution of the urban dialect in Shanghai, making the voice of the latest Shanghai urban dialect Into the convergence with the Mandarin state. This article investigates and analyzes the latest faction’s dialect of Shanghai dialect, as well as the mistakes made by Shanghai people when they speak Mandarin in Shanghai Putonghua proficiency test. It is found that the phonetic evolution of Shanghai dialect, which is often influenced by Putonghua, is more likely to change than commonly used words. That is, the lower the frequency of use, the easier it is to change the speech. The internal tone of Shanghai dialect is often more commonly used words than the vocabulary is more likely to change, that is, the more frequently used words more prone to voice changes.