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许多毒物对神经系统有特殊的亲和性,极易造成神经中毒,称为亲神经毒物。其中较为常见的有铅、汞、砷、铊、二硫化碳、氯丙烯、正己烷、汽油、三氯乙烯、磷酸三甲苯酯、丙烯酰胺、有机磷农药等。所涉及的职业如农田种植、农药生产、冶金、化工、人造或合成纤维、制造塑料等。亲神经毒物可引起各种类型的神经损害,如中枢神经及周围神经等方面,但在一般情况下,周围神经受损更为常见。值得指出的是,某些毒物如铅、汞、有机磷等,只有在大的中毒剂量下,才能造成神经中毒,因此造成神经中毒的机会不仅涉及职业方面,而且更重要的常涉及非职业方面,如误服毒物就是最常见的原因。
Many poisons have a special affinity for the nervous system and can easily cause neurotoxicity, called neurotoxicants. Among them, lead, mercury, arsenic, thallium, carbon disulfide, allyl chloride, n-hexane, gasoline, trichlorethylene, tricresyl phosphate, acrylamide and organophosphorus pesticide are the most common ones. Involved in occupations such as farmland cultivation, pesticide production, metallurgy, chemical industry, man-made or synthetic fibers, manufacturing plastics. Neurotoxicants can cause various types of nerve damage, such as the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, but in general, peripheral nerve damage is more common. It is worth noting that certain poisons such as lead, mercury, organophosphorus and the like can cause neurotoxicity only under large poisoning doses, and thus the chances of causing neurotoxicity not only relate to the occupational aspect, but more importantly, to the non-occupational aspect For example, poisoning poison is the most common reason.