中国作为世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,同时也是世界上人口最稠密的国家之一,人口与经济两个因素给中国重要的自然资源带来了巨大的压力。中国主要的应对策略之一是建立全国性的保护地系统(protected areas,PAs),即将天然或近天然的区域划作保护地,保护物种及其栖息地,维持自然生态过程、地理、风景或文化价值。这是中国生物多样性保护效能的关键所在。在中国,保护 As one of the most biodiversity-rich countries in the world and one of the most densely populated in the world, China, as well as its population and economy, exert tremendous pressure on China’s important natural resources. One of China’s major coping strategies is the establishment of nationwide protected areas (PAs) to classify natural or near-natural areas as protected areas, protect species and their habitats, maintain natural ecological processes, geography, landscape or Cultural Value. This is the key to the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in China. In China, protection