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[目的]评估社区高血压病健康教育在改善患者生活方式、膳食结构、血压水平中的效果。[方法]对118例高血压病患者进行为期两年的健康教育,比较健康教育前后患者在生活方式、膳食结构、血压水平的差异。[结果]健康教育使高血压患者不吸或少吸烟率由82%提高到98%,生活规律率由72%提高到90%,限制饮酒率由80%提高到92%,情绪稳定率由71%提高到89%,膳食结构合理率由55%提高到90%,坚持适量运动率由49%提高到90%,规范治疗率由25%提高到95%,且差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.001)。高血压病患者健康教育后粗粮、乳类、鱼禽类、豆制品和蔬菜类的摄入量增加(P﹤0.05),细粮、畜肉、烹调油、食盐、酒精的摄入则相应减少(P﹤0.05),蛋类和水果的摄入量没有明显变化(P﹥0.05)。健康教育后收缩压和舒张压均较健康教育前明显下降(P﹤0.001)。[结论]健康教育可有效改善高血压病患者生活方式、膳食结构、血压水平,对高血压病的防制有非常积极的作用。
[Objective] To evaluate the effect of community health education on hypertension in improving patients’ lifestyle, dietary structure and blood pressure. [Methods] A total of 118 cases of hypertension patients were given health education for two years. The differences in lifestyle, dietary structure and blood pressure level before and after health education were compared. [Results] Health education increased the rate of non-smoking or less smoking in hypertensive patients from 82% to 98%, the regularity of life from 72% to 90%, the restriction of drinking rate from 80% to 92% and the emotional stability from 71 % To 89%, the reasonable dietary structure increased from 55% to 90%, the moderate exercise rate increased from 49% to 90%, the standard treatment rate increased from 25% to 95%, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.001). After health education, the intakes of coarse grains, milk, fish and poultry, soy products and vegetables increased (P <0.05), while those of fine grain, livestock meat, cooking oil, salt and alcohol decreased correspondingly (P < 0.05), there was no significant change in the intake of eggs and fruits (P> 0.05). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after health education were significantly lower than those before health education (P <0.001). [Conclusion] Health education can effectively improve the life style, dietary structure and blood pressure level of patients with essential hypertension and has a very positive effect on the prevention and control of hypertension.