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劳动力商品理论在马克思主义政治经济学中有至关重要的地位,它是剩余价值理论最为直接的逻辑和历史起点。在社会主义市场经济中,劳动力也是以商品形式出现,如何认识公有制企业中的劳动力商品,是中国特色社会主义政治经济学中的重要问题。本文首先从劳动力商品的使用价值与价值、形式与内容、必要劳动和剩余劳动三个维度,挖掘了马克思研究劳动力商品的有关方法,对劳动力商品理论进行了再认识。以此为基础,分别分析了在资本主义性质企业和社会主义性质企业中,劳动力商品在以上三个维度中的不同特点。
Labor goods theory plays a crucial role in Marxist political economy. It is the most direct logical and historical starting point of the theory of surplus value. In the socialist market economy, the labor force also appears as a commodity. How to understand the labor and goods in public-owned enterprises is an important issue in the political economy with Chinese characteristics. First of all, this article explores Marx’s relevant methods of studying labor products from the three aspects of the value and value of labor goods, form and content, necessary labor and surplus labor, and re-cognizes the theory of labor goods. Based on this, the author separately analyzes the different characteristics of labor goods in the above three dimensions in the capitalist enterprises and the socialist enterprises.