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目前模板支架的设计计算理论尚不完善,模板支架的安全使用难以保证,导致近年来模板支架的坍塌事故时有发生。该文对模板支架进行足尺试验研究,得到其极限承载力和失稳模式,发现模板支架在竖向荷载作用时,由于杆件缺陷和节点特性,横杆和剪刀撑仍然承受一定的内力,并提出了广义初始缺陷的概念。在数值计算时,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS根据试验中的模板支架建立三维杆系计算模型,将广义初始缺陷等效为假想水平力,进行非线性稳定承载力分析,试验和数值分析结果表明:在进行模板支架的计算时应该考虑广义初始缺陷对结构稳定性的影响,也表明建立的三维有限元模型是合理的,为开展系统的研究打下了良好的基础。
At present, the design and calculation theory of the template support is not yet perfect, and it is difficult to guarantee the safe use of the template support, which has led to the occurrence of the collapse of the template support in recent years. In this paper, full-scale experimental study of the stencil supports shows that the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of the stencil supports are obtained. When the stencil supports are under vertical load, due to the defects of the bars and the characteristics of the joints, And put forward the concept of generalized initial defect. In the numerical calculation, the finite element software ANSYS is used to establish the three-dimensional rod model based on the experimental template support. The generalized initial defect is equivalent to the imaginary horizontal force, and the nonlinear stability bearing capacity is analyzed. The experimental results and numerical results show that: The influence of the generalized initial defects on the structural stability should be considered in the calculation of the template support. It also shows that the established three-dimensional finite element model is reasonable and lays a good foundation for the systematic research.